The Flourishing Generation

A Whole of Society Strategy for Children, Youth, and AI

A whitepaper published by the Noesis Collaborative in Partnership with Leverhulme Center for the Future of Intelligence, University of Cambridge

We believe technologies should be tools to enhance, develop, and help integrate a young person’s full range of human capabilities to achieve their aspirational goals in the communities and contexts where they live.” 

About this Resource

The purpose of the Flourishing Generation Whitepaper is to address one of the most urgent policy challenges of our time: How should we design policies to advance child and youth well-being in a world of Generative AI? 

This new world includes but is not limited to Generative AI (Gen AI) use in toys, gaming, mental health, assistants, social media, and  AI companions. This paper is primarily focused on Gen AI that is conversational, human-like in behavior, and social in function, including general-purpose chatbots such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini. 

While human development extends into a person’s mid-twenties and growth of human capabilities continues throughout the lifespan, this paper is primarily focused on children and youth from birth to the age of 18, a widely used legal boundary between minors and adults in many jurisdictions. The paper includes: 

  • The risks and potential benefits of Gen AI use by children and youth, grounded in the principle of human flourishing. 

  • Gaps in AI governance that often overlook the developmental needs and rights of children and youth and fail to foster human flourishing. 

  • A design paradigm for developers and builders of AI systems to align their products to the  potential benefits and ensure impacts support the full, integral development of human capabilities. 

  • A model policy framework for AI and youth in a whitepaper for policymakers that is able to be adapted to different jurisdictions and contexts. This whitepaper will be used to inform public dialogues and debates about AI and youth policy.

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Co-Authors

Black and white portrait of a smiling man with dark hair, wearing a collared shirt.

Ron Ivey

Research Fellow, Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University

Founder and CEO, Noēsis Collaborative

A man with shoulder-length dark hair and a beard smiling in black and white.

Henry Shevlin

Associate Director, LeverHulme Center for the Future of Intelligence, University of Cambridge

Program Director, Kinds of Intelligence Program


Contributors

This whitepaper draws on ideas, evidence, and discussions contributed by speakers and participants at the Gen AI and Youth Policy Workshop, hosted at Jesus College, University of Cambridge in October 2025 and by participants in a Gen AI and Youth Working Group launched at the event. Inclusion in this list reflects participation in the workshop, in the working group, contribution of frameworks, and/or contribution to the discussion that informed this paper; it does not constitute endorsement of the final text.

The following contributors developed specific frameworks, sections, or analyses that this whitepaper builds upon directly. Their contributions are noted alongside their names.

• Nathanael Fast, Professor of Management and Executive Director, Neely Center for Ethical Leadership and Decision Making, USC Marshall School of Business; Co-Founder and Co-Director, Psychology of Technology Institute: Design Principles and Practices

• Amina Fazlullah, Head of Tech Advocacy Policy, Common Sense Media: Impact and Risk Assessments

• Sam Hiner, Executive Director and Co-Founder, Young People’s Alliance: Model Policy Framework

• Ravi Iyer, Managing Director, USC Neely Center Psychology of Technology Institute: Design Principles and Practices

• Thao Ha, Associate Professor and Director of the @HEART Lab, Arizona State University: Adolescent Relational Learning

• Timothy Lomas, Research Scientist, Human Flourishing Program, Harvard University: Human Capabilities Framework

• Jonathan Teubner, Research Associate, Human Flourishing Program, Harvard University; Program Lead, Flourishing and AI Initiative: Design Principles and Practices

• Mick Tobin, Co-Founder & Advocacy Director, Young People’s Alliance: Model Policy Framework

• David Vasquez, Executive Director, Noēsis Collaborative: Collective Action Strategy

Additional Participants in the Workshop and the Working Group

• Maria Axente, Founder and CEO, Responsible Intelligence

• Dean Ball, Senior Fellow, The Foundation for American Innovation

• Adam Billen, Vice President of Public Policy, Encode

• Andrew Briggs, Emeritus Professor of Nanomaterials, University of Oxford; Executive Chair, QuantrolOx

• Ian Marcus Corbin, Founding Director, The Public Culture Project, Harvard University; Faculty, Neurology and Bioethics at Harvard Medical School; Fellow, Noēsis Collaborative

• Paddy Crump, Director, FlippGenn

• John Ehrett, Chief of Staff and Attorney Advisor, U.S. Federal Trade Commission

• Tomasz Hollanek, Assistant Research Professor at the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (LCFI); Affiliated Lecturer in the Department of Computer Science and Technology at the University of Cambridge

• Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Professor and Director of the Social Connection and Health Lab, Brigham Young University

• Will Jones, Futures Program Associate, Future of Life Institute

• Konstantinos Karachalios, Former Managing Director, IEEE Standards Association

• Martijn Lampert, Co-Founder and Research Director, Glocalities

• Brad Littlejohn, Director of Programs and Education, American Compass

• Sonia Livingstone, Professor, Department of Media and Communications, London School

of Economics and Political Science

• Kim Malfacini, Product Policy Lead, OpenAI

• Amanda McCroskery, Research Scientist, Applied AI Ethics and Governance, Google DeepMind

• Katie McNerney, Founder and Partner, Leaderfit; Senior Advisor, Noēsis Collaborative

• Andrew McStay, Director, The Emotional AI Lab; Professor of Technology and Society, Bangor University

• Amy Orben, Research Professor and Programme Leader at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge and a Fellow at St. John’s College, University of Cambridge; Lead Digital Mental Health Group

• Dorian Peters, Assistant Professor in Ethical Design at The University of Cambridge Institute for Technology and Humanity; Senior Research Associate at the Intellectual Forum, Jesus College Cambridge

• Giada Pistilli, Principal Ethicist, Hugging Face

• Jenny Radesky, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Division Director, Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School; Co-Medical Director, American Association of Pediatrics Center of Excellence in Social Media and Youth Mental Health

• Jennifer Tacheff, Founder & CEO, Manifest Advisors

• Felicity Tan, Founding Executive Director, The Risman Foundation

• Terri Taylor, Strategy Director for Innovation and Discovery, Lumina Foundation

• Austin Tiffany, Senior Director, Good Faith Partnership; AI Faith and Civil Society Commission

• Angy Watson, Chief People and Transformation Officer, Paymentology

Launch Event Calendar

Live, virtual events coming this fall - check back for updates!

For questions, media inquiries, or opportunities to collaborate, please contact us at hello@noesiscollaborative.org

© Noesis Collaborative and the Leverhulme Center for the Future of Intelligence, May 2026. All Rights Reserved. Full references and methodology are available in the complete report.

The Research

“Overreliance on chatbots may lead to increased social isolation, reduced empathy, and unhealthy emotional attachments, which could undermine social cohesion, eroding both national security and economic prosperity.”

Source: Designing AI to Help Children Flourish, Global Solutions Journal

72% of teens have used AI Companions

33% use AI companions for social interaction and relationships


The National Center for Missing & Exploited Children’s CyberTipline saw a 9,270% increase in child exploitation reports involving generative AI from 2023 to 2025.

Expert Insights

Fireside Chat

Professor Sonia Livingstone, Director of LSE Digital Futures for Children Centre; Professor Henry Shevlin, Associate Director of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence; Ron Ivey, Founder & CEO of Noēsis Collaborative

Interview

Ravi Iyer, Managing Director, USC Neely Center for Ethical Leadership and Decision Making, Managing Director of the Psychology and Technology Institute

Panel

Eugenia Keyuda, CEO of Replika; Dr. Sherry Turkle, Professor of the Social Studies of Science and Technology at MIT; Ron Ivey, Founder & CEO of Noēsis Collaborative

Questions Parents Can Ask to Assess Whether an AI Tool Is Safe for Their Child

Product Testing

Has this product been independently tested or reviewed for kid/teen safety by credible institutions? Do these tests show the impacts on mental health or development? Can the company demonstrate they are protecting the child’s right to develop?

Data Collection

What data does it collect from kids/teens, who is it given to, and how long is it kept?

Selling of Information

Does the company make money by maximizing your child’s time-on-app or selling your kid’s data to advertisers?

Chatbot Behavior

Does the chatbot mimic humanlike behavior and language to develop intimacy with your child?

Chatbot Advice

What happens when your child asks for advice on sensitive topics?

Chatbot Presentation

Does it ever present itself as a trusted authority (therapist, doctor, lawyer) or as a celebrity?

Chatbot Permissions

Is the chatbot allowed to say anything seductive or sexual in nature?

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